Layout optimization of long-span structures subject to self-weight and multiple load-cases

Abstract Layout optimization provides a powerful means of identifying materially efficient structures. It has the potential to be particularly valuable when long-span structures are involved, since self-weight represents significant proportion overall loading. However, previously proposed numerical layout methods neglect or make non-conservative approximations in their modelling and/or multiple load-cases. Combining these effects presents challenges that not encountered they considered separately. In this paper, three formulations presented address this. One formulation makes use equal stress catenary elements, whilst other two elements with bending resistance. Strengths and weaknesses each discussed. Finally, an approach combines is more closely model real-world behaviour reduce computational expense. The efficacy demonstrated through application number 2D- 3D-structural design problems.